Annotated Text of CISG

You may access the annotated text of each article of the CISG by scrolling the table of contents to the CISG presented below. In this table of contents, each article listed is accompanied by descriptors that identify its contents.

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Preamble
Article 1	Article 2	Article 3	Article 4	Article 5	Article 6	Article 7	Article 8	Article 9	Article 10
Article 11	Article 12	Article 13	Article 14	Article 15	Article 16	Article 17	Article 18	Article 19	Article 20
Article 21	Article 22	Article 23	Article 24	Article 25	Article 26	Article 27	Article 28	Article 29	Article 30
Article 31	Article 32	Article 33	Article 34	Article 35	Article 36	Article 37	Article 38	Article 39	Article 40
Article 41	Article 42	Article 43	Article 44	Article 45	Article 46	Article 47	Article 48	Article 49	Article 50
Article 51	Article 52	Article 53	Article 54	Article 55	Article 56	Article 57	Article 58	Article 59	Article 60
Article 61	Article 62	Article 63	Article 64	Article 65	Article 66	Article 67	Article 68	Article 69	Article 70
Article 71	Article 72	Article 73	Article 74	Article 75	Article 76	Article 77	Article 78	Article 79	Article 80
Article 81	Article 82	Article 83	Article 84	Article 85	Article 86	Article 87	Article 88	Article 89	Article 90
Article 91	Article 92	Article 93	Article 94	Article 95	Article 96	Article 97	Article 98	Article 99	Article 100
Article 101	Authentic languages of text

 

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The CISG does not have subject headings for its individual articles. The descriptors presented below [in brackets] have been added to help identify the contents of each article.

• [Preamble]

• PART I -- SPHERE OF APPLICATION AND GENERAL PROVISIONS

  • CHAPTER I -- SPHERE OF APPLICATION

    • Article 1 [Basic Rules of applicability; internationality; relation to Contracting State]

    • Article 2 [Exclusions from the Convention]

    • Article 3 [Goods to be manufactured; services]

    • Article 4 [Issues covered and excluded; validity and the effect on property interest in the goods sold]

    • Article 5 [Exclusion of liability for death or personal injury]

    • Article 6 [The contract and the Convention (primacy of the contract)]

  • CHAPTER II -- GENERAL PROVISIONS

    • Article 7 [Interpretation of the Convention]

    • Article 8 [Interpretation of statements or other conduct of a party]

    • Article 9 [Usages and practices applicable to the contract]

    • Article 10 [Definition of "place of business"]

    • Article 11 [Inapplicability of domestic requirement that contract be in writing and of other domestic requirements as to form]

    • Article 12 [Declaration by Contracting State preserving its domestic requirements as to form]

    • Article 13 [Telegram and telex as a "writing"]

• PART II -- FORMATION OF THE CONTRACT

  • • Article 14 [Criteria for an offer] 

    • Article 15 [When offer becomes effective; prior withdrawal] 

    • Article 16 [Revocability of offer] 

    • Article 17 [Rejection of offer followed by acceptance] 

    • Article 18 [Acceptance: time and manner for indicating assent] 

    • Article 19 ["Acceptance" with modifications] 

    • Article 20 [Interpretation of offeror's time-limits for acceptance] 

    • Article 21 [Late acceptances: response by offeror] 

    • Article 22 [Withdrawal of acceptance] 

    • Article 23 [Effect of acceptance: time of conclusion of contract] 

    • Article 24 [When communication "reaches" addressee]

• PART III -- SALE OF GOODS

  • CHAPTER I -- GENERAL PROVISIONS

    • Article 25 [Definition of "fundamental breach"]

    • Article 26 [Notice of avoidance]

    • Article 27 [Delay or error in communications] 

    • Article 28 [Specific performance and rules of the forum] 

    • Article 29 [Modification of contract; writing requirement]

  • CHAPTER II -- OBLIGATIONS OF THE SELLER

    • Article 30 [Seller's principal obligations]

    SECTION I. DELIVERY OF THE GOODS AND HANDING OVER OF DOCUMENTS

    • Article 31 [Place of delivery] 

    • Article 32 [Shipping arrangements] 

    • Article 33 [Time for delivery] 

    • Article 34 [Documents relating to the goods]

    SECTION II. CONFORMITY OF THE GOODS AND THIRD-PARTY CLAIMS

    • Article 35 [Conformity of the goods] 

    • Article 36 [Damage to goods: effect on conformity] 

    • Article 37 [Right to cure up to date for delivery]

    • Article 38 [Time for examining the goods] 

    • Article 39 [Notice for lack of conformity] 

    • Article 40 [Seller's knowledge of non-conformity] 

    • Article 41 [Third-party claims to goods] 

    • Article 42 [Third-party claims based on a patent or other intellectual property] 

    • Article 43 [Notice of third-party claim] 

    • Article 44 [Excuse for failure to notify]

    SECTION III. REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT BY THE SELLER

    • Article 45 [Remedies available to buyer] 

    • Article 46 [Buyer's right to compel performance] 

    • Article 47 [Buyer's notice fixing additional final period for performance] 

    • Article 48 [Cure after date for delivery; requests for clarification] 

    • Article 49 [Buyer's right to avoid the contract] 

    • Article 50 [Remedy of reduction of price] 

    • Article 51 [Non-conformity of part of the goods] 

    • Article 52 [Early delivery; excess quantity]

  • CHAPTER III -- OBLIGATIONS OF THE BUYER

    • Article 53 [Buyer's principal obligations]

    SECTION I. PAYMENT OF THE PRICE

    • Article 54 [Enabling steps] 

    • Article 55 [Open-price contracts] 

    • Article 56 [Net weight] 

    • Article 57 [Place for payment] 

    • Article 58 [Time for payment; inspection of the goods] 

    • Article 59 [Payment due without request]

    SECTION II. TAKING DELIVERY

    • Article 60 [Buyer's obligation to take delivery]

    SECTION III. REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT BY BUYER

    • Article 61 [Remedies available to seller] 

    • Article 62 [Seller's right to compel performance] 

    • Article 63 [Seller's notice fixing additional final period for performance] 

    • Article 64 [Seller's right to avoid the contract] 

    • Article 65 [Seller's notice supplying missing specifications]

  • CHAPTER IV -- PASSING OF RISK

    • Article 66 [Loss or damage after risk passed to buyer] 

    • Article 67 [Risk when the contract involves carriage] 

    • Article 68 [Sale of goods during transit] 

    • Article 69 [General residual rules on risk] 

    • Article 70 [Risk when seller is in breach]

  • CHAPTER V -- PROVISIONS COMMON TO THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE SELLER AND OF THE BUYER

    SECTION I. ANTICIPATORY BREACH AND INSTALMENT CONTRACTS

    • Article 71 [Suspension of performance] 

    • Article 72 [Avoidance prior to date for performance] 

    • Article 73 [Avoidance in instalment contracts]

    SECTION II. DAMAGES

    • Article 74 [General rule for measuring damages] 

    • Article 75 [Measurement of damages when contract avoided] 

    • Article 76 [Measurement of damages when contract avoided -- additional rules] 

    • Article 77 [Mitigation of damages]

    SECTION III. INTEREST

    • Article 78 [Interest on sums in arrears]

    SECTION IV. EXEMPTIONS

    • Article 79 [Impediment excusing a party from damages] 

    • Article 80 [Failure of performance caused by other party]

    SECTION V. EFFECTS OF AVOIDANCE

    • Article 81 [Effect of avoidance; restitution] 

    • Article 82 [Buyer's inability to return goods in same condition] 

    • Article 83 [Preservation of other remedies] 

    • Article 84 [Restitution of benefits]

    SECTION VI. PRESERVATION OF THE GOODS

    • Article 85 [Seller's duty to preserve goods] 

    • Article 86 [Buyer's duty to preserve goods] 

    • Article 87 [Deposit of goods in warehouse] 

    • Article 88 [Sale of the goods]

  • PART IV -- FINAL PROVISIONS

    • Article 89 [Secretary-General designated depositary] 

    • Article 90 [Provisions that Convention does not prevail over certain other international agreements]

    [DECLARATIONS]

    • Article 91 [Convention open for signature, subject to ratification, etc] 

    • Article 92 [Contracting State may declare at the time of signature that Part II or Part III not binding] 

    • Article 93 [Applicability to territorial units of a Contracting State] 

    • Article 94 [Applicability to Contracting States having the same or closely related legal rules] 

    • Article 95 [State may declare article 1(1)(b) non-binding] 

    • Article 96 [Provision for continuation of a Contracting State's requirement that contracts be in writing] 

    • Article 97 [Effective date of declarations under Convention] 

    • Article 98 [Restriction on reservations under Convention]

    [ENTRY INTO FORCE]

    • Article 99 [Entry into force] 

    • Article 100 [Convention only applies to contracts made after it enters into force] 

    • Article 101 "A Contracting State may denounce this Convention ..."

    [Authentic languages of text]

    • [Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts equally authentic]