John O. Honnold
3rd edition (1999)
| CASE-LAW: BIBLIOGRAPHY | |
| A. Case-law; Discovery Tools | |
| B. Bibliographic Resources; Books and Reports | |
| C. Conventions; Statutes | |
| D. Periodicals: Abbreviations | |
| E. Legislative History of the Convention | |
| OVERVIEW | Section number |
CHAPTER 1. THE 1980 CONVENTION: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION |
|
| A. Primary Role of the Contract | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 |
| B. Major Contours of the Convention | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 |
| C. Development of the Convention | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 |
(1) Origins: The 1964 Hague Conventions |
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 |
| (2) Worldwide Sponsorship: UNCITRAL | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 |
| (a) The Commission: Structure and Working Methods | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 |
| (b) The Representatives | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 |
| (c) The Secretariat | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 |
(3) UNCITRAL and a New Convention |
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 |
| (4) The Diplomatic Conference | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 |
| CHAPTER 2. SALIENT FEATURES OF THE 1980 CONVENTION | |
| A. Scope of the Convention | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 |
| B. Interpretation of the Convention | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 |
| C. Formation of the Contract: Part II of the Convention | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 |
| D. The Sale of Goods: Part III of the Convention | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 |
| E. An Invisible Gain: The Omission of "Awesome Relics" | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 |
COMMENTARY | |
| PART I: SPHERE OF APPLICATION AND GENERAL PROVISIONS | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 |
| CHAPTER I: SPHERE OF APPLICATION | |
| ARTICLE 1: Basic rules on applicability: Internationality; Relation to Contracting State | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 |
| ARTICLE 2. Exclusions from the Convention | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 |
| ARTICLE 3. Goods to be manufactered; Services | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 |
| ARTICLE 4. Validity; Property interests of third persons | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 |
ARTICLE 5. Death or personal injury; "Product liability" |
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 |
| ARTICLE 6. The contract and the Convention | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 |
| CHAPTER II: GENERAL PROVISIONS | |
| ARTICLE 7. Interpretation of the Convention | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 |
| ARTICLE 8. Interpretation of statements or conduct | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 |
| ARTICLE 9. Usages and practices applicable to contract | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 |
| ARTICLE 10. Definition of "place of business" | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 |
| ARTICLE 11. Domestic formal requirements | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 |
| ARTICLE 12. Declaration preserving domestic formal requirements | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 |
ARTICLE 13. Telegram and telex as a "writing" |
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 |
| PART II: FORMATION OF THE CONTRACT | |
| ARTICLE 14. Criteria for an offer | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 |
| ARTICLE 15. When offer becomes effective: prior withdrawal | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 |
| ARTICLE 16. Revocability of offer | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 |
ARTICLE 17. Rejection of offer followed by acceptance |
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 |
| ARTICLE 18. Acceptance: time and manner | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 |
| ARTICLE 19. "Acceptance" with modifications | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 |
| ARTICLE 20. Offeror’s time-limits for acceptance | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 |
| ARTICLE 21. Late acceptances: response by offeror | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 |
| ARTICLE 22. Withdrawal of acceptance | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 |
ARTICLE 23. Effect of acceptance: time of conclusion of contract |
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 |
| ARTICLE 24. When communication "reaches" the addressee | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 |
| PART III: SALE OF GOODS | |
| CHAPTER I: GENERAL PROVISIONS | |
| ARTICLE 25. Definition of "fundamental breach" | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 |
| ARTICLE 26. Notice of avoidance | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 |
| ARTICLE 27. Delay or error in communications | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 |
| ARTICLE 28. Requiring performance and the rules of the forum | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 |
ARTICLE 29. Modification of contract; requirement of a writing |
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 |
| CHAPTER II: OBLIGATIONS OF THE SELLER | |
| ARTICLE 30. Summary of seller’s obligations | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 |
| SECTION I: DELIVERY OF THE GOODS AND HANDING OVER OF DOCUMENTS | |
| ARTICLE 31. Place for delivery | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 |
| ARTICLE 32. Shipping arrangements | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 |
| ARTICLE 33. Time for delivery | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 |
ARTICLE 34. Documents relating to the goods |
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 |
| SECTION II: CONFORMITY OF THE GOODS AND THIRD-PARTY CLAIMS | |
| ARTICLE 35. Conformity of the goods | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 |
| ARTICLE 36. Damage to goods: effect on conformity | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 |
| ARTICLE 37. Cure up to the date for delivery | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 |
| ARTICLE 38. Time for examining the goods | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 |
| ARTICLE 39. Notice of lack of conformity | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 |
| ARTICLE 40. Seller’s knowledge of non-conformity | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 |
| ARTICLE 44. Excuse for failure to notify | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 |
| ARTICLE 41. Third-party claims to goods | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 |
ARTICLE 42. Third-party claims based on a patent or other intellectual property |
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 |
| ARTICLE 43. Notice of third-party claim | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 |
| ARTICLE 44. ( See discussion combined with Arts. 39 and 40, at §261 ) | |
| SECTION III: REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT BY THE SELLER | |
| ARTICLE 45. A round-up of remedies available to buyer | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 |
| ARTICLE 46. Buyer’s right to compel performance | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 |
ARTICLE 47. Buyer’s notice fixing additional final period for performance |
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 |
| ARTICLE 48. Cure after date for delivery; requests for clarification | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 |
| ARTICLE 49. Buyer’s right to avoid the contract | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 |
| ARTICLE 50. Reduction of the price | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 |
ARTICLE 51. Non-conformity of part of the goods |
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 |
| ARTICLE 52. Early delivery; excess quantity | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 |
| CHAPTER III: OBLIGATIONS OF THE BUYER | |
| ARTICLE 53. Summary of buyer’s obligations | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 |
| SECTION I: PAYMENT OF THE PRICE | |
| ARTICLE 54. Enabling steps | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 |
| ARTICLE 55. Open-price contracts | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 |
| ARTICLE 56. Net weight | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 |
ARTICLE 57. Place for payment |
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 |
| ARTICLE 58. Time for payment; inspection of goods | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 |
| ARTICLE 59. Payment due without request | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 |
| SECTION II: TAKING DELIVERY | |
| ARTICLE 60. Buyer’s obligation to take delivery | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 |
| SECTION III: REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT BY THE BUYER | |
ARTICLE 61. Remedies available to seller |
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 |
| ARTICLE 62. Seller’s right to compel performance | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 |
| ARTICLE 63. Seller’s notice fixing additional final period for performance | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 |
| ARTICLE 64. Seller’s right to avoid the contract | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 |
| ARTICLE 65. Seller’s notice supplying missing specifications | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354 |
| CHAPTER IV: PASSING OF RISK | |
ARTICLE 66. Loss or damage after risk has passed to buyer |
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 |
| ARTICLE 67. Risk when contract involves carriage | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 |
| ARTICLE 68. Sale of goods during transit | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 |
| ARTICLE 69. General residual rules on risk | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 |
| ARTICLE 70. Risk when seller is in breach | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 |
CHAPTER V: PROVISIONS COMMON TO THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE SELLER AND OF THE BUYER |
|
| SECTION I: ANTICIPATORY BREACH AND INSTALMENT CONTRACTS | |
| ARTICLE 71. Suspension of performance | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 |
| ARTICLE 72. Avoidance before date for performance | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 |
| ARTICLE 73. Avoidance in instalment contracts | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 |
SECTION II: DAMAGES |
|
| ARTICLE 74. General rule for measuring damages | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 |
| ARTICLES 75 and 76. Measurement of damages when contract is avoided | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 |
| ARTICLE 77. Mitigation of damages | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 |
| SECTION III: INTEREST | |
| ARTICLE 78. Interest on sums in arrears | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 |
| SECTION IV: EXEMPTIONS | |
ARTICLE 79. Impediment excusing party from damages ("force majeure") |
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 |
| ARTICLE 80. Failure of performance caused by other party | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 |
| SECTION V: EFFECTS OF AVOIDANCE | |
| ARTICLE 81. Effect of avoidance on obligations: arbitration; restitution | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 |
| ARTICLE 82. Buyer’s inability to return goods in same condition | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 |
| ARTICLE 83. Preservation of other remedies | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 |
ARTICLE 84. Restitution of benefits received |
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 |
| SECTION VI: PRESERVATION OF THE GOODS | |
| ARTICLE 85. Seller’s duty to preserve goods | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 |
| ARTICLE 86. Buyer’s duty to preserve goods | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 |
| ARTICLE 87. Deposit in warehouse | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 |
ARTICLE 88. Sale of the goods |
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 |
| PART IV: FINAL PROVISIONS |
|
| Introduction to Part IV of the Convention | |
| A. Overview of Part IV | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 |
| B. Development of Part IV | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 |
| C. Discussion of Salient Provisions | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 |
| APPENDICES | |
| A. Text of Convention | |
| B. Table of Contracting States | |
| C. Abbreviations: Judicial and Arbitral Decisions |
Pace Law School Institute of International Commercial Law
- Last updated September 7, 1999